Articles
All articles | Recent articles
Fabrication, Microstructure and Properties of Hot-Pressed Nd:YAG Ceramics
S.M. Naga1, M. Awaad1, H.F. El-Maghraby1, W.H.Eisa2, M. Abou el Ezz3, F. Sommer4, R. Gadow4
1 National Research Center, Ceramics Dept., Cairo, Egypt
2 National Research Center, Spectroscopy Dept., Cairo, Egypt
3 Graduate School of Excellence for Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, University of Stuttgart, IFKB, Stuttgart, Germany
4 University of Stuttgart, IFKB, Stuttgart, Germany
received November 19, 2011, received in revised form December 23, 2011, accepted January 18, 2012
Vol. 3, No. 1, Pages 35-40 DOI: 10.4416/JCST2012-00043
Abstract
Neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) ceramics that contained 0.025, 0.05 and 0.10 at% Nd2O3 additives and exhibited nearly the same optical properties as those of a single crystal were fabricated by means of the sol-gel technique and hot press sintering method. Transparent YAG and Nd:YAG ceramics are fabricated either by high-temperature vacuum sintering or post-hot isostatic pressing but not hot pressing. 0.5 mass% TEOS was used as a sintering aid. A nearly pore-free microstructure with an average grain size of 5 – 10 μm was obtained by sintering at 1700 °C. The optical transmittance of the samples was 98 % in the 532 nm wavelength.
Download Full Article (PDF)
Keywords
Keywords: YAG ceramics, Nd2O3 addition, optical properties, microstructure
References
1 Taira, T.: Ceramic YAG lasers, C.R. Phys., 8, 138 – 152, (2008).
2 Zhang, J.-J., Ning, J.-W., Liu, X.-J., Pan, Y.-B., Huang, L.-P.: A novel synthesis of phase-pure ultrafine YAG: tb phosphor with different tb concentration, Mater. Lett., 57, 3077 – 3081, (2003).
3 Zhang, X., Liu, H., He, W., Wang, J., Li, X., Boughton, R.I.: Novel synthesis of YAG by solvothermal method, J. Cryst. Growth, 275, e1913 – e1917, (2005).
4 Sim, S.M., Keller, K.A., Mah, T.I.: Phase transformation in yttrium aluminum garnet powders synthesized by chemical methods, J. Mater. Sci., 35, 713 – 717, (2000).
5 Qing, L.C., Bo, Z.H., Fu, Z.M., Cai, H.J., He, M.S.: Fabrication of transparent YAG ceramics by traditional solid state reaction method, T. Nonferr Metal Soc., 17, 148 – 153, (2007).
6 Tsai, M-S., Fu, W-C., Wu, W-C., Chen, C.-H., Yang, C-H.: Effect of aluminum source on the formation of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powder via solid state reaction, J. Alloy. Compd., 455, 461 – 464, (2008).
7 Li, X., Li, Q., Wang, J., Yang, S., Liu, H.: Synthesis of Nd3+ doped nano-crystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) powders leading to transparent ceramic, Opt. Mater., 29, 528 – 531, (2007).
8 Saladino, M.S., Caponetti, E.: Co-precipitation synthesis of Nd:YAG nanopowders II: the effect of nd dopant addition on luminescence properties, Opt. Mater., 32, 89 – 93, (2009).
9 Qin, X., Yang, H., Zhao, G., Luo, D., Zhang, J., Wang, S., Ma, J.: Synthesis of submicron-sized spherical Y2O3 powder for transparent YAG ceramics, Mater. Res. Bull., 46, 170 – 174, (2011).
10 Fujioka, K., Saiki, T., Motokoshi, S., Fujimoto, Y., Fujita, H., Nakatsuka, M.: Pre-evaluation method for the spectroscopic properties of YAG powder, Ceram. Int., 35, 2393 – 2399, (2009).
11 Jiao, C., Xiaogu, H., Lixi, W., Qitu, Z.: Preparation and properties of Nd:YAG ultra-fine powders, J. Rare Earth, 29, 44 – 47, (2011).
12 De, G., Van Dijk, V.A.H.: Translucent Y3Al5O12 ceramics, Mater. Res. Bull., 19, 1669 – 1674, (1984).
13 Frage, N., Kalabukhov, S., Sverdlov, N., Ezersky, V., Dariel, M.P.: Densification of transparent yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) by SPS processing, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 30, 3331 – 3337, (2010).
14 Bowen, P., Carry, C.: From powder to sintered Pieces: forming, transformation and sintering of nanostructured ceramic oxides, Powder Technol., 128, 248 – 255, (2002).
15 Boulesteix, R., Maître, A, Baumard, J.F., Rabinovitch, Y., Sallè, C., Weber, S., Kilo, M: The effect of silica doping on neodymium diffusion in yttrium aluminum garnet Ceramics: implications for sintering mechanism, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 29, 2517 – 2526, (2009).
16 Lu, J., Prabhu, M., Xu, J., Ueda, K., Yagi, H., Yanagitani, T.: Highly efficient 2 % Nd:Yttrium aluminum garnet ceramic laser, Appl. Phys. Lett., 77, 3707 – 3709, (2000).
17 Lee, S.G., Kochawattana, S., Messing, G.L., Dumm, J.Q., Quarbes, G., Castillo, V.: Solid-state reaction sintering of transparent polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89, 1945 – 1950, (2006).
18 Ikesue, A., Furusato, I.: Fabrication of polycrystalline transparent YAG ceramics by solid-state reaction method, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 78, 225 – 228, (1995).
19 Sellappan, P., Jayaram, V., Chokshi, H., Divakar, C.: Synthesis of bulk, dense, nanocrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet from amorphous powders, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 90, 3638 – 3641, (2007).
20 Ikesue, A., Kamata, K.: Microstructure and optical properties of hot isostatically pressed Nd:YAG ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79, 1927 – 1933, (1996).
21 Lee, S.H., Kupp, E.R., Stevenson, A.J., Anderson, J.M., Messing, G.L., Li, X.: Hot isostatic pressing of transparent Nd:YAG ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 92, 1456 – 1463, (2009).
22 Stevenson, A.J., Li, X., Martinez, M.A., Anderson, J.M., Suchy, D.L., Kupp, E.R., Dickey, E.C., Muller, K.T., Messing, G.L.: Effect of SiO2 on densification and microstructure development in Nd:YAG transparent ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94, [5], 1380 – 1387, (2011).
23 Li, Y., Zhou, S., Lin, H., Hou, X., Li, W., Teng, T., Jia, T.: Fabrication of Nd:YAG transparent ceramics with TEOS, MgO and compound additives as sintering aids, J. Alloys Compd., 502, 225 – 230, (2010).
24 Sallé, C., Maître, A., Baumard, J.F., Rabinovitch, Y.: A first approach of silica effect on the sintering of Nd:YAG, Opt. Rev., 14, 169 – 172, (2007).
25 Maître, A., Sallé, C., Boulesteix, R., Baumard, J.F., Rabinovitch, Y.: Effect of silica on the reactive sintering of polycrystalline Nd:YAG ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 91, 406 – 413, (2008).
26 Wen, W., Sun, X., Xiu, Z., Chen, S., Tsai, C.T.: Synthesis of nanocrystalline yttria powder and fabrication of transparent YAG ceramics, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24, 2681 – 2688, (2004).
27 Hayashi, K., Toyoda, S., Takebe, H., Morinage, K.: Phase transformation of alumina derived from ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH), J. Ceram. Soc., 99, 550 – 555, (1991).
28 Saraswati, V., Rao, G.V.N., Rao, G.V.R.: Structural evolution in alumina gel, J. Mater. Sci., 22, 2529 – 2534, (1987).
29 Neiman, A.Y., Tkachenko, E.V., Kvichko, L.A., Kotok, L.A.: Conditions and mechanisms of the solid-phase synthesis of yttrium aluminates, Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 25, 1294 – 1297, (1980).
30 Li, J., Pan, Y.B., Qiu, F.G., Wu, Y.S., Liu, W.B., Guo, J.K.: Synthesis of nanosized Nd:YAG powders via sol gel combustion, Ceram. Int., 33, 1047 – 1052, (2007).
31 Li, X., Liu, H., Wang, J.Y., Cui, H.M., Han, F.: Production of nano-sized YAG powder with spherical morphology and nano-aggregation via a solvothermal method, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 87, 2288 – 2290, (2004).
32 Panneerselvam, M., Subanna, G.N., Rao, K.J.: Translucent yttrium aluminum Garnet: microwave-assisted route to synthesis and processing, J. Mater. Res., 16, 2773 – 2776, (2001).
33 Li, J., Wu, Y., Pan, Y., Liu, W., Huang, L., Guo, J.: Fabrication, microstructure and properties of highly transparent Nd:YAG laser ceramics, Opt. Mater., 31, 6 – 17, (2008).
34 Yagi, H, Takaichi, K., Ueda, K.I., Yamasaki, Y., Yanagitani, T., Kamin-Skii, A.A.: The physical properties of composite YAG ceramics, Laser Phys., 15 1338 – 1344, (2005).
35 Dieckmann, R.: Point defects and transport in non-stoichiometric Oxides: solved and unsolved problems, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 59, 507 – 525, (1998).
36 Badrour, L., Moya, E.G., Bernodini, J., Moya, F.: Fast diffusion of silver in single and polycrystals of α-alumina, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 50, 551 – 561, (1989).
37 McColm, I.J.: Ceramic hardness, Plenum Press, New York, 6, (1990).
Copyright
Göller Verlag GmbH